从投资组合的生命周期管理入手,根据不同的情形选择相应的ETF基金
创建投资组合
VOO, IVV, SPY 都可以创建大型市值蓝筹股的投资组合,同时多元化投资在11个板块。指数中的美国公司都是实力雄厚的大型企业,构成组合中坚实的基础和核心。
权益类资产和固定收益类资产的投资类型
对于权益类资产,可以从价值评估(valuation)和市值规模两个维度进行划分。从价值评估维度, 资产可分为价值驱动还是增长驱动,介乎两者之间是核心驱动。
标普500提供高市值的大型企业,而IJR 、IJH分别是投资中型和小型企业的基金。如果选用VTS, 则覆盖大型、中型、小型和微型企业。
对于固定收益类资产,可以从对利率的敏感性和信贷质量两个维度进行划分。从利率的敏感性维度,可分为有限、中等、极其敏感,这主要和债券的久期有关。从信贷质量维度,可分为高级、中级、低级别。政府的国库券是高等级债券,而不具备投资级别的垃圾债券信贷质量最低。
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资产板块轮转投资
SPDR有典型的投资各板块的基金供选择
周期性和敏感性板块,如能源,材料,行业股,随经济的起伏发生大的变化,对宏观经济,如利率和经济增长情况敏感;
防御性板块,如健康医保,公用事业,日常消费适合在经济发展低缓时投资或增加比重
减少波动,追求分红,可考虑VIG,SCHD, SPHD, SPLV
建立债券投资组合的基金,目前可考虑短期的SJNK
海外投资
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VEU基金可以获得美国之外的其他国际市场的投资机会, 前五大国家是日本、英国、法国、德国、瑞士。投资新兴国家的基金VWO
集中投资欧洲市场有VGK、日本市场有IXP。为了防范外国货币对本国货币(home currency)的波动,可以考虑用对冲基金。日本股票对冲基金是DXJ ,适合欧洲股票对冲基金是HEDJ,ETF对冲基金(Hedged),可以部分剔除外币对美元波动对外国股市收益产生的影响
大多数国家都有对应的非对冲ETF基金。
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Vanguard网页提供不同ETF产品比较的服务
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