IMF:疫苗接种率决定各国经济增长前景

根据国际货币基金组织周二发布的新预测,各国的经济前景正在出现分化,主要的决定性因素是新冠疫苗的接种情况。

Josh Zumbrun2021年7月28日16:55 CST 更新

Original Post>

根据国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund, 简称IMF)周二发布的新预测,各国的经济前景正在出现分化,主要的决定性因素是新冠疫苗的接种情况。

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IMF称,尽管面临新冠病毒变异株的挑战,但发达经济体的经济前景在改善,这些经济体近40%的人口已接种疫苗。与此同时,疫苗接种率比发达经济体低得多的新兴和发展中经济体更容易受到未来更多波新冠疫情和相关经济影响的冲击。

IMF表示,整体而言,预计全球经济今年将增长6%,与其4月份的预测相同,与去年萎缩3.2%的情况相比则强劲反弹。IMF上调了对发达经济体今年经济增长的预测,但其正面效应被对新兴市场和低收入国家增长预测的下调抵消。

IMF将发达经济体今年的经济增长预测上调了0.5个百分点,至5.6%,理由是接种疫苗的人口比例不断攀升,以及旨在支持经济复苏的大规模支出计划。

领先的将是美国和英国的经济,IMF预计这两个国家今年都将增长7%,较4月的预估值分别上调了0.6个百分点和1.7个百分点。根据IMF的数据,若预估成真,这将是美国自1984年以来增长率最高的一年,而英国则将创下1980年以来的最高增长率。

相比之下,IMF把对新兴和发展中经济体的增长预测下调了0.4个百分点,至6.3%。印度等国家已经遭受了重大经济损失,德尔塔新冠变种去年首次在印度被发现,随后蔓延并导致感染病例激增。IMF还下调了对印尼、马来西亚、菲律宾、泰国和越南等东南亚经济体的预测,这些国家正在艰难应对最新一波疫情。

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IMF把对中国的增长预测调低了0.3个百分点,至8.1%,因为这个全球第二大经济体缩减了部分公共投资计划。

总部设在华盛顿的IMF是该组织190个成员国万不得已的全球贷款人。IMF表示,新冠疫情的发展不可预测,特别是在新兴市场经济体,这意味着IMF的经济增长预估仍充满不确定性。

IMF指出,发达经济体的通胀率可能会从2021年的2.4%降至明年的2.1%,因为与疫情相关的供应链受阻情况将缓解。这轮通胀主要是由木材、二手车和航空旅行等项目的价格上涨所推动。IMF认为通胀将放缓的看法与美联储的观点一致,美联储官员在本周开会时预计将保持政策不变