印度第二季度GDP增速达创纪录的20.1%,但仍未摆脱疫情冲击

在截至6月的三个月里,印度GDP增长了20.1%;在此期间,印度的新冠肺炎病例数激增,为全球疫情最严重的地区之一。印度GDP两位数的百分比增幅反映了上年同期比较基数的影响。

Rajesh Roy2021年9月1日13:00 CST 更新

Original Post>

印度经济正在以创纪录的速度增长,但仍未完全摆脱新冠疫情导致的经济衰退的影响。疫情期间印度经济的衰退幅度超过了大多数主要经济体。

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在截至6月的三个月里,印度国内生产总值(GDP)增长了20.1%;在此期间,印度的新冠肺炎病例数激增,为全球疫情最严重的地区之一。印度GDP两位数的百分比增幅反映了上年同期比较基数的影响,当时印度经济萎缩约24%,是该国有记录以来的最大降幅。

印度是第一个受到新冠德尔塔变异毒株引发的严重疫情冲击的国家,这波疫情拖累了2020年底开始的复苏。印度经济活动仍然远低于疫情前的水平。

经济学家表示,春季疫情加剧对经济造成的损失有限,因为印度没有像一年前那样实施全国性的封锁,当时的封锁措施导致经济严重萎缩。不过,各城市和各邦仍然实行了局部封锁措施,而且很多印度人自发地限制出行保护自己,高峰时期印度单日新增病例超过40万例,医院里挤满了新冠肺炎患者。

经济学家表示,随着疫情稳步减缓,经济活动6月开始反弹,最近几周单日新增病例数终于降至5万例以下。据路孚特(Refinitiv)-益普索(Ipsos)的一项月度调查,6月份印度消费者信心较前月上升了1.4%,而在5月份下降了6.3%,4月份下降了1.1%。

7月份,国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund,简称IMF)将对印度截至2022年3月财政年度的经济增长预测从12.5%下调至9.5%,而之前在4月份已经下调过该预测。IMF预计,2022-2023财年印度经济增速将在8.5%左右。根据一些估计,这意味着在受到疫情冲击的这一年,印度可能损失10%的GDP。

新德里智库观察家研究基金会(Observer Research Foundation)经济和增长计划负责人Mihir Swarup Sharma表示:“(第二波疫情)对经济的总体影响远没有去年严格的封锁那么明显。但这波疫情明显减缓了2021年1-3月季度的复苏势头,并将经济恢复正常的时间至少推迟了半年。”

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大范围失业问题预计将拖累印度的复苏。印度的中产阶级消费者通常是推动其经济的引擎,但许多人已经完全失去了收入或工作。

孟买经纪机构Anand Rathi Securities首席经济学家Sujan Hajra称:“失业问题将继续构成严重挑战。找不到赚钱工作的人们举行抗议活动在印度全国已经几次出现,并且仍在出现。”

经济学家表示,印度经济在今年下半年非常有希望复苏,但再度暴发疫情仍然是一个风险因素。疫苗接种的速度也可能影响经济。