中国的经济困境势必波及其他国家

中国目前的经济放缓是自疫情初期以来最严重的一次,并且有可能蔓延至其他国家,中国的亚洲邻国看起来尤其容易被波及。

中国的经济困境势必波及其他国家

Jacky Wong

2022年5月7日09:05 CST 更新

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Original Post>

中国目前的经济放缓是自疫情初期以来最严重的一次,并且有可能蔓延至其他国家,中国的亚洲邻国看起来尤其容易被波及。

随着上海和其他城市为应对新冠疫情而采取封锁措施,以及至关重要的房地产市场持续低迷,中国的经济前景迅速黯淡。4月中国采购经理人指数(PMI)跌至2020年初以来的最低水平,制造业和服务业都受到疫情防控措施的打击。但根据周四发布的一份会议纪要,中国领导层仍坚持“动态清零”抗疫策略。

中国国内需求的暴跌将损害面向中国的出口商,而封锁措施可能会扰乱中国对其他国家制造商的供应,特别是亚洲制造商。

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韩国4月份对华出口同比下降了3.4%,导致该国总出口增幅降至一年多来最低水平。向中国提供半导体、机械等商品的台湾和日本也可能出现类似趋势。这在一定程度上反映了消费者支出的低迷。例如,根据Counterpoint Research的数据,第一季度中国智能手机销售同比下降了14%,而根据中国乘用车市场信息联席会(China Passenger Car Association)的数据,4月份前三周的乘用车销量下降了39%。封控也将减少中国工厂对邻国零部件的需求。

一些商品出口国也将感受到寒意。俄罗斯入侵乌克兰使能源和食品价格飙升,但与中国需求更直接相关的商品,尤其是工业金属的价格并未一道上扬。过去一个月,铁矿石价格下跌了约10%,铝和铜也出现类似幅度的下跌。尽管许多地方政府放松了调控政策,但中国房地产市场仍深陷低谷。中国主席习近平上周宣布了又一项加强基建的大规模支出计划。但鉴于房地产市场的疲软,资金可能是个问题。土地出让金是地方政府财政收入的一个主要来源。

中国政府对具有高度传染性的奥密克戎变异株采取的严格防范措施,使本已脆弱的经济更受打击。其影响将是广泛而深远的,但中国的邻国将首先受到波及,这或许也显示了更远地方将受到多么严重的附带损害。