利率上升构成利好,美国银行股为何下滑?

利率上升构成利好,美国银行股为何下滑?利率上升本应有助于银行股,但今年却没有如此

利率上升构成利好,美国银行股为何下滑?

Charley Grant

2022年5月10日08:25 CST 更新

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利率在上升,但银行股却没有随之走高。

摩根大通公司(JPMorgan Chase & Co., JPM)、高盛集团(Goldman Sachs Group Inc., GS)、美国银行(Bank of America Co., BAC)和摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley, MS)在两年来作为疫情受益股而大幅上涨后,今年出现了下滑走势。这四家银行股都从52周高点下跌了20%以上,其中摩根大通下挫了28%。相比之下,标普500指数的跌幅为14%。

利率上升本应有助于银行股,但今年却没有如此。自3月以来,美国联邦储备委员会(简称:美联储)已经两次加息,以遏制通货膨胀,并暗示会进一步上调利率。

但投资者担心,过大或过快的加息可能使经济陷入衰退。上周三,在美联储宣布加息0.5个百分点后,大盘和大型银行股跳涨。上周四和周五,随着经济环境更有挑战性的现实浮现,股市和银行股又大幅下跌。

花旗分析师Keith Horowitz说:“人们担心美联储会一直推动加息直到出现一些问题,这可能会导致经济衰退和信贷损失。”他大体看好银行股,预计任何潜在的信贷损失都是可控的。

利率上升可以为银行带来数以十亿计美元的额外年收入,因为银行可以对贷款收取更多费用,而只向储户支付少量利息。银行还可以从以前闲置的现金上赚取更多利息。

Stifel Financial Corp.旗下的KBW分析师预计,今年美国银行的净利息收入将增长18%,摩根大通的将增长17%。

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尽管如此,投资者仍在分析有关消费者和企业财务健康的不同数据。第一季度美国经济萎缩了1.4%,这是自2020年春季疫情初期以来的最糟糕表现。然而,消费者和企业支出仍然强劲。银行高管们指出,旅游和娱乐等类别的高支出是数据乐观的原因。

利率上升和乌克兰战争导致的市场波动,使大型银行的交易撮合业务受到了影响。在过去的几个月里,IPO的市场已基本关闭。

尽管出现了抛售行情,但银行高管们持乐观看法。摩根士丹利首席执行官高闻(James Gorman)上周在《华尔街日报》(The Wall Street Journal)的CEO理事会峰会上表示:“相对于银行股的潜力,它们的价值基本上被低估了。”

尽管高闻称,在不久的将来出现温和的经济衰退不会让他感到惊讶,不过他补充说,经济的不确定性不应干扰长期决策。“如果你有好的战略项目可以投资,无论是作为公司、投资组合经理、投资者,你都应该投资于它们。”