Zara在时装企业中一枝独秀,其他同行面临一个严冬的来临

到目前为止,这家全球最大的时装零售商已经摆脱了高通胀、欧洲能源价格上涨和美元走强的影响。而在寒冷的冬天到来之前,它的竞争对手们看起来就处境艰难了。

Zara在时装企业中一枝独秀,其他同行面临一个严冬的来临

到目前为止,这家全球最大的时装零售商已经摆脱了高通胀、欧洲能源价格上涨和美元走强的影响。而在寒冷的冬天到来之前,它的竞争对手们看起来就处境艰难了。

在截至今年7月的六个月里,按固定汇率计算,旗下拥有Zara和其他品牌的Industria de Diseno Textil S.A. (IDEXY)销售额同比增长25%。受产品价格上涨和控制成本措施的推动,该公司上半年毛利率为七年来最高,预计全年毛利率将保持稳定。周三欧洲早盘交易中,Inditex的股价上涨了5%。

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其他服装品牌一直在忙着发布利润预警。上周,纯线上时装零售商ASOS (ASOMY)表示,全年利润将处于预测区间的低端,销售额将增长2.1%至2.3%。这家向年轻消费者出售廉价服装的公司表示,由于通胀压力,8月份消费者需求减弱。总部位于英国的另一个快时尚品牌Primark也警告说,由于能源成本高企和美元走强,下一财年的利润将会下降。时装公司的采购成本往往与美元挂钩。

大部分销售都产生在欧洲的服装公司不但要与同行竞争,很快还将不得不与公用事业公司争夺消费者的现金。Inditex和瑞典竞争对手Hennes & Mauritz (H&M)约有60%的销售额来自该地区。能源成本通常占家庭非可自由支配支出的5%左右,但随着俄罗斯限制对欧洲的天然气供应,能源成本正在飙升。

预计在ASOS和Primark的本土市场英国,公用事业费用帐单带来的冲击将尤为沉重。花旗(Citi)估计,即使有政府的大力支持,英国家庭明年的能源成本也可能比2019年高出73%。这将侵蚀可自由支配支出,其中25%通常用于购买服装等非食品零售商品。

Zara的供应链较短,这将是一个优势,就像在疫情期间的情况一样汇丰(HSBC)估计,该品牌三分之一的采购在亚洲,其余则在本土附近。相比之下,Primark、ASOS和H&M大约80%的商品是在亚洲采购的。这使得它们更容易受到强势美元的冲击。在远东地区购买的服装是用美元支付的,而这些品牌的销售额通常以欧元或英镑计算。如果消费者需求突然枯竭,很长的供应链也很难迅速切断供应。

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时装连锁企业从越南和孟加拉的工厂进货,低成本劳动力有助于它们为购物者压低价格。因廉价服装而出名现在成了一个麻烦。H&M和Primark表示,它们将尽量避免对消费者提高价格,以保住市场份额。除非它们自身成本中的通胀能够被内部的节约所抵消,否则利润率将会下降。

Inditex目前的预期市盈率为18倍。相对于H&M的市盈率,8%的溢价还不到其10年平均水平的一半。这家西班牙公司没有辜负其在投资者中的品质盛誉,但一个严酷的冬天很容易让其他时装品牌的规模缩水。