大摩策略师警告称投资者已将美股推入死亡地带

标普500指数已从去年10月的低点反弹了16%,今年以来累计上涨6%。摩根士丹利策略师Mike Wilson引用了畅销书《进入空气稀薄地带》,比喻美国股市当前已进入死亡地带。

大摩策略师警告称投资者已将美股推入死亡地带

摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)策略师Mike Wilson以乔恩·克拉考尔(Jon Krakauer)的畅销书《进入空气稀薄地带》(Into Thin Air)借喻,该书记录了12名登山者在攀登珠穆朗玛峰时的死亡经历。这本书深入探讨了死亡地带,该区域从距离山顶3,000英尺处开始,在这个高度,氧气压力不足以长时间维持生命。

“无论是出于自愿选择还是迫不得已,投资者已再次追涨至令人晕眩的高度,借助流动性(相当于爬山用的瓶装氧气),他们得以攀上一个自知不应进入、也活不了多久的地带,”Wilson说。“他们出于贪婪而攀登,追求最终的顶峰,以为自己能安全下山,不会面临灾难性的后果。但氧气最终会耗尽,那些忽视风险的人会受伤。”

Wilson表示,去年10月股市开始上涨时,估值要低得多,市盈率为15倍,股市风险溢价为270个基点。股市风险溢价是指预期投资收益率与无风险的美国国债收益率之差,这个数字越高,意味着投资股票获得的补偿越多。

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然而到了去年12月,“空气开始稀薄”,市盈率为18倍,股市风险溢价降至225个基点。他说:“在去年的最后几周,许多进一步深入死亡地带的攀登者就此止步。”

但后来进入2023年,“幸存的攀登者决定再次尝试登顶,这一次走了一条更危险的路线,由最具投机性的股票领头”,这一切建立在一个错误的前提之上,即美联储将暂停加息,并在今年晚些时候降息。

Wilson说:“投资者开始更快、更有活力地行动,更自信地谈论美国经济的软着陆。随着他们已经达到更高层次,现在还有人谈论‘不着陆’的情况——不管这意味着什么。这就是死亡地带对人们想法的影响——人们开始看到并相信那些不存在的东西。”

与“不着陆”这种设想联系最为密切的是Apollo Global Management的首席经济学家Torsten Slok。应该注意的是,Slok说,不着陆的情况——即经济不放缓——对市场来说不是好事,因为在这种情况下,美联储需要更大力度地加息。

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再说回Wilson,他说当前市盈率在18.6倍,股市风险溢价为155个基点,这意味着“在2009年开始的整个流动性驱动的长期牛市中,我们正处于最稀薄的空气中”。他说,去年10月份从合理价格开始的熊市反弹已变成一场投机狂潮,其依据是美联储将暂停加息或转向,然而这种情况并不会发生。

他说,尽管如此,主要由中国和日本央行推动的流动性自去年10月以来已助推全球M2货币供应量增加了6万亿美元,“为投资者提供了在死亡地带苟延残喘所需的补充氧气”。

美国股市周一因总统日休市。上周,道琼斯指数和标普500指数均下跌,而纳斯达克综合指数在七周内第六次取得周涨幅。