Brain training reduces dementia risk by 25% – Study
The most important takeaway is not that “brain games” work in general, but that one specific, adaptive speed-of-processing task showed a long-term signal in a randomized trial. That matters because randomized trials can do a better job than observational studies of separating a true effect from confounding factors such as education, baseline health, or a more health-conscious lifestyle. Still, a single positive result does not automatically validate an entire category of apps.
The result also raises a useful question about mechanism. The task was not a generic memory quiz; it trained people to rapidly identify visual targets under changing difficulty. That may have challenged attention, reaction speed, and visual processing in a way that differs from many commercial brain-training products. The plausible interpretation is that the intervention may have strengthened some underlying cognitive network, but that remains a hypothesis rather than a proven explanation.
For readers, the practical implication is about specificity and adherence. The benefit came from a structured program with initial sessions and later boosters over years, not from casual use. That means the study is more relevant to targeted, sustained cognitive training than to one-off app use. It also leaves open whether similar approaches would help people with different risk profiles, or whether the effect would hold outside the trial setting.
One final caution: a lower dementia risk in a trial is encouraging, but it should not be read as a stand-alone prevention strategy. Dementia risk is shaped by multiple factors, and the best-supported takeaway is that some forms of mental training may complement broader healthy-aging habits rather than replace them.
Researchers announced on Monday that a randomised controlled trial — considered the gold standard for medical research — has finally identified something capable of significantly lowering people’s risk of developing dementia.
And rather than an expensive drug, it was a cheap and simple brain-training exercise that was found to decrease dementia rates by a quarter, according to the study.
“For the first time, this is a gold-standard study that’s given us an idea of what we can do to reduce risk for developing dementia,” study co-author Marilyn Albert of Johns Hopkins University in the United States told AFP.
Although there are a vast amount of brain-training games and apps which claim to fight off cognitive decline, there has been little high-quality, long-term research proving their effectiveness.
The US team of researchers warned that their study — which only found one specific type of training made a difference — does not mean that all brain-training games are effective.
Their trial, called ACTIVE, began in the late 1990s.
More than 2,800 participants aged 65 or older were randomly assigned one of three different types of brain training — speed, memory, or reasoning — or were part of a control group.
First, the participants did an hour-long training session twice a week for five weeks. One and three years later, they did four booster sessions. In total, there were fewer than 24 hours of training.
During follow ups after five, 10 and most recently 20 years, the speed training was always “disproportionately beneficial”, Albert said.
After two decades, Medicare records showed that the people who did the speed-training and booster sessions had a 25-percent reduced risk of getting dementia.
The researchers were surprised to find that the other two types of training did not make a statistically significant difference.
The speed training exercise involves clicking on cars and road signs that pop up in different areas of a computer screen.
– ‘Extraordinarily important’ –
So why did speed training have such an impact? Albert said the researchers could only guess.
“We assume that this training affected something about connectivity in the brain,” Albert said.
One important difference was that it adapted to the abilities of the person, so became easier or more difficult as needed.
When asked about the study’s limitations, Albert said “there aren’t very many”. One quarter of the participants were from minorities, suggesting that the results should apply to everyone.
Discovering the exact mechanism for why speed training worked could help researchers develop a new, more effective exercise in the future, Albert said.
But the finding is already “extraordinarily important”, she emphasised, pointing out that reducing dementia among 25 percent of the US population could save $100 billion in patient care.
There have been numerous previous studies suggesting that people who have a healthier lifestyle have a lower risk of dementia. However, this research has been observational, which means it cannot directly demonstrate cause and effect — unlike randomised controlled trials.
Dementia affects 57 million people and is the seventh leading cause of death globally, according to the World Health Organization.
The speed training task is called “Double Decision” and is available via the brain-training app BrainHQ.
The study was published in the journal Alzheimer’s and Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Research.
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