发展电动车或为传统汽车制造商转型创造良好开端

传统汽车公司的股价仍与汽车销售的起伏挂钩,而不是依靠公司管理层关注的未来技术。底特律最终需要一个新的商业模式,但更好地发展电动汽车将是一个良好开端。

Stephen Wilmot2021年9月17日15:00 CST 更新

Original Post>

汽车销售表现和汽车类股走势之间的联系一如既往地紧密。底特律最终需要一个新的商业模式,但更好地发展电动汽车将是一个良好开端。

半导体短缺正严重压制汽车生产和销售。根据数据提供商IHS Markit的统计,截至9月10日,该问题已经使第三季度轻型汽车产量减少了约310万辆,幅度已经远远超过了第二季度的260万辆。上个月的全球销量是2011年以来8月份的最低值。

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第四季度的情况看起来也不会好多少。丰田汽车(Toyota)以其稳固的供应链而闻名,最初似乎不受芯片短缺影响,但该公司上周将其10月份的产量预估下调了33万辆。IHS Markit的轻型汽车生产总监Mark Fulthorpe说:”目前我们预计会有进一步的重大不利影响。”

传统汽车制造商的股价已因生产预测走低。上半年的乐观情绪一去不返,当时这些制造商正在寻找短期解决方案,而分析师们也因为异常强劲的汽车价格而上调了他们的利润预测。目前虽然价格仍然高企,但已经不再连续上涨。越来越多的信息显示,瓶颈得到解决的希望被不断推迟。

当芯片供应改善时,汽车股可能恢复去年因疫情解封而开启的涨势。由于消费者继续避免乘坐航班和公共交通工具,对汽车的需求仍然很强劲。

然而,总体而言,传统汽车公司的股价仍与汽车销售的起伏挂钩。虽然这并不令人惊讶,但与公司管理层对未来技术坚定不移的关注不怎么吻合,这种关注是对特斯拉(Tesla Inc., TSLA)约7,500亿美元市值的回应。底特律沸沸扬扬的科技话题偶尔会提振股票,比如通用汽车公司(General Motors Co., GM)股价在2017年机器人出租车热议期间的表现或福特汽车公司(Ford Motor Co., F)在其5月电池日之后的上涨,但这都只是短暂的。

当然,目前强劲的利润率对汽车制造商的利润也很重要。这就解释了为何汽车股的市盈率已经回落到一贯的低水平,而市销率则上升。不过,这些都是老式的基本面因素。像通用汽车和大众汽车(Volkswagen AG),尽管有与硅谷竞争的雄心壮志,但它们还远未像特斯拉以及电动车初创公司Rivian和Lucid等一样,能说服投资者对他们在更长期的基础上进行估值。

这一情况能得到改变吗?一个前景是,车辆与互联网的连接最终会让汽车制造商从云端销售服务。苹果公司(Apple Inc., AAPL)是一个值得效仿的榜样,它已摆脱了低端硬件制造商的身份,转而更关注订阅等业务。福特首席执行官Jim Farley特别强调要与汽车买家保持 “随时可以服务 “的关系,但目前这方面工作还处在非常初步的阶段。

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投资者近期的希望可能是传统汽车制造商推出有竞争力的电动车,但这大体上被搁置了。通用汽车因火灾风险已暂停了雪佛兰Bolt的生产,而大众汽车的旗舰产品ID.3和ID.4电动汽车的销售至今仍不尽如人意。

Bernstein分析师Arndt Ellinghorst说:“企业必须大规模地推出和销售真正好的电动车,让特斯拉的日子不好过。这是我所看到的唯一可能有助于改变这种态势的事情。”

做好电动汽车并不能使汽车制造商摆脱困境,但它可能会说服更多的传统汽车投资者把目光放长远。