将 ESG 纳入固定收入投资组合的五种方法

ESG投资正在席卷投资领域,并在每个市场的每个角落安家落户。仅在固定收益领域就有超过 1,000 只与ESG相关的基金,因此财务顾问必须加快他们在固定收益中的投资选择的速度。据State Street Global Advisors 的白皮书2020 年流入 129 亿美元,比上一年增加了三倍。

到 2021 年为止,前八个月流入固定收益ESG ETF 的资金已经超过去年的数字;随着越来越多的投资者希望遵守这些原则,了解存在哪些类型的ESG基金以及它们如何针对ESG很重要。从广义上讲,ESG基金可以分为五类,所有类别都采用不同的方法将ESG纳入其策略。

排他性是最传统、最常见、通常也是最著名的方法风格。该模型被称为排除性或负面筛选,因为它排除了根据ESG指标和因素进行筛选的公司、国家/地区、行业板块或其他任何对象。对于不想将资金分配给不符合其价值观的做法或希望将其资金与特定计划保持一致的公司的投资者来说,这是一种有益的投资。缺点是,它拒绝向某些根据筛选指标确定的从事有害做法的公司提供资金,这些公司没有任何参与或激励来改变这些做法。

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最佳一流是一种有时被称为积极筛选的投资策略,因为它投资的公司、行业和国家,就同行或其他投资领域比较,ESG实践和业绩评价较高。随着ESG数据的大量涌入,这种方法正引起投资者越来越多的关注,研究反映了从长远来看,在ESG上排名较高的基金与得分较低的ESG同行相比,表现可能更好。

ESG整合意味着将重要的ESG指标纳入投资的决策和分析部分。这是一种系统方法,在使用数据方面相当明确,而不是覆盖策略。

主题投资越来越受到 ETF 的欢迎,但在ESG领域,这意味着基金将其资产与ESG相关的特定主题相匹配。其中的一些变化包括与联合国可持续发展目标保持一致,例如碳减排、医疗保健、广义气候变化等。此类基金通常致力于达到特定指标,几乎总是与巴黎气候协议将全球变暖限制在 1.5 摄氏度的目标保持一致。

影响力投资通常着眼于问题或最终结果,然后进行相应的投资。在ESG 中,这些通常是具体的环境问题,例如碳减排。否则问题往往是社会性的。基金的优先权不是回报,而是投资和资产对预期目标的影响。此类基金包括专注于保护、教育、负担得起的医疗保健或可再生能源的基金。

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虽然许多基金遵循一种方法,但它们不一定是相互排斥的。通常,一只基金可以采用多种ESG投资策略,以帮助投资者实现其目标,尤其是在比股票更加多元化的固定收益领域。

SSGA目前提供具有ESG视角的固定收益ETF,即SPDR Bloomberg SASB Corporate Bond ESG Select ETF ( RBND ),该ETF投资于可持续发展债券。该基金追踪彭博SASB美国企业除争议精选指数(Bloomberg SASB U.S. Corporate Ex-Controversies Select Index),并提供抽样策略,大致承担与该指数相同的风险和回报。该指数衡量由具有某些ESG质量的公司发行的投资级公司债券的表现,这些公司也具有母指数彭博美国公司指数的风险和回报质量。

RBND可用作ESG投资的核心组成部分,费用率为 0.12%